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25.3 树莓派 Linux 兼容层 ​

Arch Linux ARM 移植版（ALARM）针对树莓派等 ARM 设备提供滚动更新的软件源。本节给出在 FreeBSD 树莓派系统上部署 Arch Linux 兼容层的自动化脚本。

25.3.1 Arch Linux 发行版概述 ​

以下是完整的自动化部署脚本内容：

sh
#!/bin/sh

rootdir=/compat/arch                                  # 设置 Arch Linux 安装根目录
url="https://mirrors.jlu.edu.cn/archlinuxarm/os/ArchLinuxARM-rpi-aarch64-latest.tar.gz"   # Arch Linux ARM 镜像下载地址

echo "begin to install Arch Linux ..."
echo "check modules ..."

# 检查 linux 模块
if [ "$(sysrc -n linux_enable)" = "NO" ]; then      # 检查 linux 模块是否启用
        echo "linux module should be loaded. Continue?(Y|n)"
        read answer
        case $answer in
                [Nn][Oo]|[Nn])
                        echo "linux module not loaded"
                        exit 1
                        ;;
                [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"")
                        sysrc linux_enable=YES         # 启用 linux 模块
                        ;;
        esac
fi
echo "start linux"
service linux start                                   # 启动 linux 兼容层

# 检查 dbus
if ! /usr/bin/which -s dbus-daemon; then             # 检查 dbus-daemon 是否存在
        echo "dbus-daemon not found. install it [Y|n]"
        read answer
        case $answer in
            [Nn][Oo]|[Nn])
                echo "dbus not installed"
                exit 2
                ;;
            [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"")
                pkg install -y dbus                  # 安装 dbus
                ;;
        esac
fi

if [ "$(sysrc -n dbus_enable)" != "YES" ]; then      # 检查 dbus 是否启用
        echo "dbus should be enabled. Continue?(Y|n)"
        read answer
        case $answer in
            [Nn][Oo]|[Nn])
                        echo "dbus not running"
                        exit 2
                        ;;
            [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"")
                        service dbus enable         # 启用 dbus
                        ;;
        esac
fi
echo "start dbus"
service dbus start                                   # 启动 dbus 服务

echo "now we will bootstrap Arch Linux"

fetch ${url}                                        # 下载 Arch Linux ARM 镜像
mkdir -p ${rootdir}                                # 创建安装根目录
tar xpvf ArchLinuxARM-rpi-aarch64-latest.tar.gz -C ${rootdir} --numeric-owner   # 解压镜像到根目录
rm ArchLinuxARM-rpi-aarch64-latest.tar.gz         # 删除压缩包

if [ ! "$(sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf -qn nullfs_load)" = "YES" ]; then   # 检查 nullfs 是否启用
        echo "nullfs_load should load. continue? (Y|n)"
        read answer
        case $answer in
            [Nn][Oo]|[Nn])
                echo "nullfs not load"
                exit 3
                ;;
            [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"")
                sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf nullfs_load=yes   # 启用 nullfs
                ;;
        esac
fi

if ! kldstat -n nullfs >/dev/null 2>&1; then       # 检查 nullfs 模块是否已加载
        echo "load nullfs module"
        kldload -v nullfs                          # 动态加载 nullfs 模块
fi

echo "mount some fs for linux"
echo "devfs ${rootdir}/dev devfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab       # 配置 devfs
echo "tmpfs ${rootdir}/dev/shm tmpfs rw,late,size=1g,mode=1777 0 0" >> /etc/fstab   # 配置 tmpfs
echo "fdescfs ${rootdir}/dev/fd fdescfs rw,late,linrdlnk 0 0" >> /etc/fstab         # 配置 fdescfs
echo "linprocfs ${rootdir}/proc linprocfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab                # 配置 linprocfs
echo "linsysfs ${rootdir}/sys linsysfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab                    # 配置 linsysfs
echo "/tmp ${rootdir}/tmp nullfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab                           # 配置 /tmp
#echo "/home ${rootdir}/home nullfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab                        # 可选配置 /home
mount -al                                           # 挂载所有文件系统

echo "For Arch Linux, we should change 'compat.linux.osrelease'. continue? (Y|n)"
read answer
case $answer in
	[Nn][Oo]|[Nn])
		echo "configuration not completed"
		exit 4
		;;
	[Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"")
		echo "compat.linux.osrelease=6.12.63" >> /etc/sysctl.conf   # 写入 sysctl 配置
		sysctl compat.linux.osrelease=6.12.63                   # 应用 sysctl 配置
                ;;
esac
echo "complete!"
echo "to use: chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash"
echo ""
echo "the script can also perform some initial configuration"
echo "if agree:"
echo "   set resolv.conf to Ali DNS"
echo "   init pacman keyring"
echo "   use USTC mirror"
echo "continue?[Y|n]"
read answer
case $answer in
	[Nn][Oo]|[Nn])
		echo "set your Arch Linux by yourself."
		exit 0
		;;
	[Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"")
 		rm  ${rootdir}/etc/resolv.conf                   # 删除原 resolv.conf
		echo "nameserver 223.5.5.5" >> ${rootdir}/etc/resolv.conf  # 设置 DNS
		chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "pacman-key --init"         # 初始化 pacman keyring
		chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "pacman-key --populate archlinuxarm"  # 填充 keyring

		echo 'Server = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinuxarm/$arch/$repo' > ${rootdir}/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist  # 设置为中科大镜像
  		echo '[archlinuxcn]' >> ${rootdir}/etc/pacman.conf
  		echo 'Server = https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/archlinux-cn/aarch64' >>  ${rootdir}/etc/pacman.conf
		echo "Refresh sources and systems"
		echo "Enabling DisableSandbox in pacman.conf to avoid landlock error on this kernel"
		sed -E -i '' 's/^[[:space:]]*#[[:space:]]*DisableSandbox/DisableSandbox/' ${rootdir}/etc/pacman.conf   # 取消 DisableSandbox 注释以启用该选项
		grep -n 'DisableSandbox' ${rootdir}/etc/pacman.conf
		chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "pacman -Syyu --noconfirm"       # 更新系统
		echo "Refresh key"
    		chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "pacman -S --noconfirm archlinuxcn-keyring"   # 安装 archlinuxcn-keyring
		echo "Install yay"
		chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "pacman -S --noconfirm yay base base-devel nano wqy-zenhei"  # 安装基础软件和 yay
		echo "Create user"
		chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "useradd -G wheel -m test"          # 创建用户 test 并加入 wheel 组
		echo "Now modify the sudo configuration"
		echo '%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL' >> ${rootdir}/etc/sudoers                # 配置 wheel 组 sudo 权限
		echo '%sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL' >> ${rootdir}/etc/sudoers             # 配置 sudo 组 sudo 权限
		echo "change fakeroot"
		chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "pacman -S --noconfirm fakeroot-tcp"  # 安装 fakeroot-tcp
		echo "Make localised settings"
		echo 'zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8' >> ${rootdir}/etc/locale.gen                 # 启用中文 UTF-8 区域
		chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "locale-gen"                           # 生成本地化设置
		echo "all done."
                ;;
esac
echo "Now you can run '#chroot /compat/arch/ /bin/bash' into Arch Linux"

目录结构如下：

sh
/compat/arch/
├── dev/
│   ├── shm/
│   └── fd/
├── proc/
├── sys/
├── tmp/
├── home/
└── etc/
    ├── resolv.conf
    ├── pacman.conf
    ├── pacman.d/
    │   └── mirrorlist
    ├── locale.gen
    └── sudoers

25.3.2 参考文献 ​